{"id":77,"date":"2026-04-09T04:28:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T04:28:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-notes.com\/vn\/common-misconceptions-about-uml-deployment-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-04-09T04:28:58","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T04:28:58","slug":"common-misconceptions-about-uml-deployment-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-notes.com\/vn\/common-misconceptions-about-uml-deployment-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai UML (V\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00fat ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, g\u00e2y ra m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft. \ud83d\udcca<\/p>\n

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\"Chibi-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

1. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \ud83d\udda5\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. D\u00f9 n\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m logic \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • L\u1ed7i sai:<\/strong>V\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng thay v\u00ec b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i n\u00fat v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tri\u1ec3n khai t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 <<deployment>> ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ghi nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho n\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e1y v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fat nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean trong. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \ud83d\udce6<\/p>\n

    2. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh so v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; lo\u1ea1i sau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 d\u1eebng, hay th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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    • Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 topology v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
    • L\u1ed7i sai:<\/strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ng\u1ee5 \u00fd lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/li>\n
    • H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u2018\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018g\u00ec\u2019 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u2018l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u2019 hay \u2018khi n\u00e0o\u2019. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \ud83e\udded<\/p>\n

      3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

      Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UML ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4-\u0111un trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n hay l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \ud83d\udcc4<\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e0 n\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean c\u00e1c N\u00fat. C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      N\u00fat<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/td>\nM\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/td>\nM\u00f4-\u0111un giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td>\nT\u1ec7p .exe, t\u1ec7p .jar, Script SQL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\nLi\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nN\u00fat ch\u1ee9a B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UML. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/p>\n

      4. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \ud83c\udf10<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u00fat n\u00e0y giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau?\u201d<\/p>\n

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      • Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 <<TCP\/IP>>, <<HTTP>> ho\u1eb7c <<Local>> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
      • Sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n, ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi n\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
      • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i an ninh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng con c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng giao th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c \u0111i qua internet, h\u00e3y ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00eam b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \ud83d\udd12<\/p>\n

        5. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

        Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ‘\u0111\u00fang’ duy nh\u1ea5t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e0nh cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n container, c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

        C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c quan tr\u1ecdng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. \ud83d\udcda<\/p>\n

          \n
        • G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
        • G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
        • G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao container c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00fat (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Tham chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. T\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \ud83e\uddf1<\/p>\n

          6. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh so v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1eebng. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. \ud83c\udf25\ufe0f<\/p>\n

          Thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u1ebd m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 d\u0129, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu. Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00fat c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n thay v\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u00fat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ‘Nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng’ hay m\u1ed9t ‘H\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7’. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

          Khi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

          7. B\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m: Tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh \u26a1<\/h2>\n

          D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u274c<\/th>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u2705<\/th>\nT\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\nBao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00fat<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tri\u1ec3n khai cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh<\/td>\nNg\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chung chung<\/td>\nG\u1eafn nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: HTTP)<\/td>\nL\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nGi\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          B\u1ecf qua giao di\u1ec7n<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p\/y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\nL\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y t\u0129nh<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nPh\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          8. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          M\u1ed9t khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o n\u00f3, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. \ud83d\udcc9<\/p>\n

          D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi CI\/CD:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p infrastructure-as-code. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
          • Xem x\u00e9t trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Sprints:<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
          • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
          • Ch\u00fa th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong ch\u00ednh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u0103m th\u00ec t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u23f3<\/p>\n

            9. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00fat trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
            • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
            • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai cho th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai, h\u00e3y tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Vi\u1ec7c tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. \ud83d\udd17<\/p>\n

              10. X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \ud83d\udd10<\/h2>\n

              B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb xem nh\u1eb9 trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. \ud83d\udea7<\/p>\n

              H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt sau:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda:<\/strong>V\u1ebd ch\u00fang gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng. Ghi ch\u00fa nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n
              • DMZs:<\/strong>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u V\u00f9ng phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Cho th\u1ea5y l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua l\u1edbp n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
              • M\u00e3 h\u00f3a:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a khi \u0111ang truy\u1ec1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: SSL\/TLS tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 khi \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ngh\u1ec9 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00ean n\u00fat c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00fang c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u01b0 duy \u201cB\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u201d ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                11. X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t n\u00fat duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u1ebd t\u1eebng s\u1ee3i c\u00e1p. \ud83c\udf0d<\/p>\n

                S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c n\u00fat t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t “Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Web” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m n\u00fat duy nh\u1ea5t, k\u00e8m theo ghi ch\u00fa ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c trong chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong c\u1ee5m.<\/p>\n

                H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Tham chi\u1ebfu n\u00f3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan ch\u00ednh lu\u00f4n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n xem chi ti\u1ebft d\u1ec5 truy c\u1eadp khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                12. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \ud83e\uddf0<\/h2>\n

                Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u00e2n theo logic ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UML. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sai. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c quan nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch UML. \ud83d\udd0c<\/p>\n

                \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • X\u00e1c minh theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UML:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong> Duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n UML cho c\u00e1c N\u00fat v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch.<\/li>\n
                • Xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y xu\u1ea5t n\u00f3 sang \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng XMI ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chu\u1ea9n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. \u2699\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                  T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai UML hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c N\u00fat, T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem.<\/p>\n

                  B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00fang theo danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m k\u00edch v\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y. Gi\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udcbb\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83d\udcbb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":78,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai UML v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai UML. 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