{"id":145,"date":"2026-04-01T00:14:39","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T00:14:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-notes.com\/vn\/component-diagram-best-practices-academic-projects\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T00:14:39","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T00:14:39","slug":"component-diagram-best-practices-academic-projects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-notes.com\/vn\/component-diagram-best-practices-academic-projects\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n T\u1ed1t Nh\u1ea5t Cho S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n: Quy T\u1eafc Cho C\u00e1c D\u1ef1 \u00c1n H\u1ecdc Thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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\"Infographic<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u R\u00f5 N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng C\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh H\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t (UML). N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c logic c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ea5p cao. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n
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  • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n modular, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 bao b\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
  • Giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
  • C\u1ed5ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c Quy T\u1eafc V\u00e0 Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc UML c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

    1. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 UML<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a UML. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi hai h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o hai b\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong>H\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cb\u00f3ng k\u1eb9o\u201d cho c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201c\u1ed5 c\u1eafm\u201d cho c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
    • Nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>T\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung nh\u01b0Module1<\/em> ho\u1eb7c PartA<\/em>.<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, trong khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau; ch\u00fang n\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

      Khi v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n

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      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1eb9o m\u00fat<\/strong> (v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p<\/em> m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5 c\u1eafm<\/strong> (n\u1eeda h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/em> m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
      • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed5 c\u1eafm c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi k\u1eb9o m\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p).<\/li>\n
        • T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n B, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 l\u00fd do h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00ednh b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. A kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o B, m\u00e0 B l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o C, v\u00e0 C l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o D. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh module \u2728<\/h2>\n

          Ngo\u00e0i ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00e2y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 logic c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

          1. T\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

          T\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
          • Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc g\u1ed9p ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
          • Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi:<\/strong> R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            2. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n

            H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt tu\u00e2n theo ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Logic kinh doanh, Truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u). Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            L\u1edbp<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\nBi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            L\u1edbp giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/td>\nT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi Xem<\/strong>ho\u1eb7cGiao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            L\u1edbp kinh doanh<\/td>\nLogic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/td>\nC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/strong>ho\u1eb7cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            L\u1edbp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t<\/td>\nC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/strong>ho\u1eb7cCSDL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            3. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

            T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1eadu t\u1ed1 “-Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/em>” cho m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, \u0111\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n sang “-\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/em>” cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng camelCase ho\u1eb7c PascalCase nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1:<\/strong> H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 API-<\/em> cho giao di\u1ec7n web ho\u1eb7c DB-<\/em> cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1ed1 \u00edt so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u:<\/strong> Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UserComponent<\/em> ho\u1eb7c UsersComponent<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0i n\u1ed9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

              1. Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/h3>\n

              Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng hay s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. Tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a t\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

              2. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n

              Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh hai g\u00f3i logic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1eebng t\u1ec7p tin ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac logic, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

              3. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

              \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i g\u00f3i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

              4. Giao di\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao di\u1ec7n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5 c\u1eafm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giao di\u1ec7n n\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

              T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

              M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u0129nh; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

              1. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

              Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, h\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3. Bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao.<\/p>\n

              2. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

              N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 m\u00e0u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u00fat tri\u1ec3n khai, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              3. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

              Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \ud83c\udfc6<\/h2>\n

              Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng. B\u1ea3ng sau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/th>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/th>\nK\u00e9m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong><\/td>\nNg\u1eef ph\u00e1p UML ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o; c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/td>\nL\u1ed7i ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p nh\u1ecf; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/td>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u sai; k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n; giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>\nThi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; nh\u00f3m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/td>\nThi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/td>\nB\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd; d\u1ec5 theo d\u00f5i; \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/td>\nB\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i; \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn; v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1\u8026 h\u1ee3p th\u1ea5p, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i\u8026 h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/td>\nC\u00f3\u8026 h\u1ee3p cao; ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

              1. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n

              Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n khai. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

              2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

              Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

              3. Xem x\u00e9t \u0111a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/h3>\n

              N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, h\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n logic kinh doanh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng web v\u00e0 di \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

              Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udca1<\/h2>\n

              Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

              H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Khi b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

              T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eef cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

              B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m cao m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u1ed9p lu\u1eadn v\u0103n hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trong portfolio, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

              Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ed9p \u2705<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c theo l\u1edbp)?<\/li>\n
              • C\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0o b\u1ecb treo kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ki\u1ebfn…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":146,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: Quy t\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \ud83c\udf93","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc UML, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[5,8],"class_list":["post-145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-component-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: Quy t\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \ud83c\udf93<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. 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