{"id":123,"date":"2026-04-01T19:27:47","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T19:27:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-notes.com\/vn\/component-vs-package-diagrams-explained\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T19:27:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T19:27:47","slug":"component-vs-package-diagrams-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-notes.com\/vn\/component-vs-package-diagrams-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f3c t\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefaS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong> v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/strong>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, khi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t tinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/p>\n

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\"A<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udd0d S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0oqu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean<\/strong>v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m logic. N\u00f3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00ean v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0ot\u00ednh module ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong>v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y. N\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u0103n k\u00e9o trong t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong ng\u0103n k\u00e9o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c; c\u00e1i kia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udce6 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m. Trong UML, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i, t\u00ean l\u1edbp s\u1ebd xung \u0111\u1ed9t, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i<\/h3>\n
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  • \n

    Nh\u00f3m logic:<\/strong> Gom c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean:<\/strong> Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0com.company.module.service<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan<\/h3>\n

    Trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00ean trong, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/h3>\n
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    • \n

      Trong Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Module:<\/strong> Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0o s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> Khi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u API:<\/strong> Khi hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c module kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f4ng khai giao di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u00edt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfnc\u00e1ch<\/em> m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfnn\u01a1i<\/em> m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0ai<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u00f3. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:\u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c logic nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u2699\ufe0f Hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n modular, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 bao \u0111\u00f3ng tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, tri\u1ec3n khai ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

      Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n
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      • \n

        Bao \u0111\u00f3ng:<\/strong>Che gi\u1ea5u chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai b\u00ean trong, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng khai c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, t\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c thi ho\u1eb7c container.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc k\u1eb9o).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        H\u00e0nh vi:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c quan<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi hai h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt nh\u1ecf \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee9a t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, trong khi c\u00e1c tab b\u00ean h\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

        Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n
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        • \n

          T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Khi hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c API nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong> Khi \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong> Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:\u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

          \ud83c\udd9a S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh: So s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \n

          T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

          		\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

          		\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c logic v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          T\u00ednh module ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          C\u1ea5p cao (L\u1edbp, Giao di\u1ec7n)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          C\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p (\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai, Nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c logic<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          X\u1eed l\u00fd giao di\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong g\u00f3i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (cung c\u1ea5p\/y\u00eau c\u1ea7u)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (T\u1eadp tin, Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh (Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean (Thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng l\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \ud83e\udde0 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u: Nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a<\/h2>\n

          Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean so v\u1edbi \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

          Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t container cho c\u00e1c t\u00ean. N\u1ebfu hai g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code>, tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/p>\n

          Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111en. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n \u0111i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0import<\/strong>c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c tham chi\u1ebfu. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c thi<\/strong>. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microservices, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udea6 Ma tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ranh gi\u1edbi nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu module m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft giao di\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng API v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi DevOps:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tri\u1ec3n khai. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, trong khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

            Trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u00e3 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

            T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Microservices<\/h3>\n

            Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. M\u1ed7i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch Service A k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Service B. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i s\u1ebd che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 3: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

            Khi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chung, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh API c\u00f4ng khai. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p g\u00ec. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

            Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

            Sai l\u1ea7m: T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

            Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n” ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.<\/p>\n

            Sai l\u1ea7m: B\u1ecf qua giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

            Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai thay v\u00ec h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

            Sai l\u1ea7m: Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n

            Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n t\u00ean g\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 “PaymentService<\/code>“, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u00f3m logic \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

            Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n

            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo l\u1edbp. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khung x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb logic chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i s\u00e2u khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

            Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: G\u00e1n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

            C\u1ea3 hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic (g\u00f3i) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udd04 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

            Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i, c\u1ea3 hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac:<\/strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n logic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udcdd C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n

              Khi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng tay, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng khai, ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

              Li\u00ean k\u1ebft so v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1eebng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1edf h\u1eefu). M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cs\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d). Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

              Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

              Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean chu\u1ea9n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PascalCase cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u00e0 ComponentCamelCase cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udd2e B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n

              Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, c\u00e1c h\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u201cth\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u201d.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u00e0m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea9n b\u1edfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. T\u1ec7p Dockerfile x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                C\u1ed5ng API:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u00f3m logic (g\u00f3i) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n) v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang khi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                \ud83c\udfaf T\u00f3m t\u1eaft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h2>\n

                S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong th\u1ef1c thi. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean logic v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00fang cho t\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":124,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn UML \ud83d\udcd0","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i trong UML. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[5,8],"class_list":["post-123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-component-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn UML \ud83d\udcd0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i trong UML. 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